Nail or onychomicosis mushroom (medical name) is a disease that occurs with damage to the nail plate with a fungal infection.The onichomicosis suffers from 5 to 15 % of people.The risk of its development increases with age, although the mushroom is often detected in children.Every 10 years of life, the incidence grows 2.5 times.If in children it is 3 %, then the elderly already have 50 and 60 %.
Disease agents of the disease
Onichomicosis is caused by microorganisms of the kingdom of mushrooms.The world of mushrooms is diversified, and not everyone is pleasant as Champignons, Chanterelles or mushroom, which we are used to seeing on our table.There are microscopic parasitic species that feed on the tissues of plants, animals, humans.
The causal agents of the Wholenisti consumer the keratin protein, which is part of the nail plate, hair, the upper skin layer (keratinized).About 50 representatives of parasitic mushrooms that can cause a disease are known.
They are divided into three groups:
- Dermatophytes.They represent 80 % of cases of onychomycosis.They are distinguished by high survival and vitality.In nature they are found in the ground;
- Mushrooms similar to yeast.Among these is the known to the women Candida Albicans (microorganisms of the candid genre), which causes lump or vaginal candidiasis.Mushrooms similar to the explosion 5 times more often affect the nails on the hands than on the legs.Toxic and worsen the work of the whole body;
- Molds.The onychomycosis, caused by molds, is rare.But it is very dangerous, progress quickly, can completely destroy the nail plate, go to the nearby fabrics.
The onychomicosis affects the nails of the arms and legs, but on the legs the nail fungus occurs much more often.This is due to the fact that the hands are paid much more attention, more often washed during the day, they treat with antiseptic agents.They are always open, well ventilated with the exception of winter, when we wear gloves.And the legs are constantly closed by street shoes, homemade slippers, tights, socks, sweating more.These factors create ideal conditions for the development of the mushroom on the legs, because heat and humidity are its best "friends".
The causal agent of the Onyicomicosis penetrates the nail from different directions.The most common way is from above, from the free edge of the nail plate.It is also possible to introduce on the side of the lateral rollers or from under the cuticle and the nail growth area.
The most dangerous onychomycosis is close to the cuticle.In this case, the mushroom slows down or interrupts the division of the onicloblasti: the cells of the area of sprout under the roller of lower nails.The nail stops growing in length, the infected areas may not recover.A pathological change occurs in the structure, the destruction of the nail.
Mushrooms are rarely introduced immediately to the nail plate.Initially, their spores fall into the skin around the nail or interdigital gaps through microcrack, cuts, abrasions, scratches, corini.So begins the growth of the colony, the pathogen moves to the nail plate, penetrates it and is brought to parasitic.
Why does onychomycosis appear?
Mushrooms live in warm and humid places and wherever there are such conditions, it is easy to infect them.For example, if you go barefoot with public bathrooms, swimming pools, shower or gyms segments, the possibilities of infection are high.
The development of onychomycosis is facilitated by some diseases:
- Diabetes.In patients with diabetes, the mushroom occurs 3 times more often.Excess glucose in blood creates favorable conditions for life for mushrooms.In the absence of the sugar control and its retention within the standard, the blood vessels suffer.More experience in the disease, the more the flow of blood in the legs (diabetic foot syndrome) is more compromised.The wounds heal worse, the infection is easier;
- Poor blood circulation in the lower limbs caused by varicose veins, atherosclerosis (lumen's narrowing, blockade of arteries), thrombophlebitis (the formation of blood clots in the lumen of the veins);
- Planchborate of immunity, immunodeficiency conditions (HIV), damage to the organs of the immune system.Reduce body resistance to any infection;
- Psoriasis.90 % of people suffering from psoriasis have changes in the nail plate.Fires were formed on it, there is the annupe, the recesses appear, the detachment of the nail plate.These factors 1.5 - 2 times increase the possibilities of infection with a mushroom;
- Hyperhydrosis or the increase in the sweating of the feet often causes onyicomicosis in men;
- The presence of a focus of a fungal infection in other parts of the body.
The risk group includes elderly people.
The cause of the uicomicosis is often associated with the characteristics of the profession and the wrong care of the legs:
- Poor cure of feet and nails, the lack of daily hygiene procedures due to the negligence of the rules of personal hygiene or difficulties with their implementation (in patients in bed or patients with limited mobility);
- Work in wet and raw rooms (greenhouses, greenhouses, vegetable shops), frequent wear of rubber gloves or rubber shoes;
- professional sports;
- Wearing uncomfortable, narrow and narrow shoes or shoes made with artificial materials (injunction), creating a "greenhouse effect" that prevents normal air exchange.
The disposable factors throwing for the development of the icydomicosis include nail or tissue injuries that surround it, taking antibacterial or hormonal drugs.
Women have a common long -term mushroom cause that wears the gel nail polish.Create a closed space between the nail plate and the coating in which a fungal infection develops successfully.It is not advisable to apply the gel enamel on the legs on the legs, it is better to use the ordinary decorative paint.Even in women, the onychomycosis appears after a manicure or pedicure without success in the salons, where the disinfection of high quality tools of the tools is not carried out, sterility is not observed.
Signs of onychomycosis
Very often, the mushroom infected the thumbs of the feet.
The following changes to the nail plate are indicated on the fungal damage:
- obtuseness, yellowing, loss of softness and shine;
- itching, redness, peeling of the skin around;
- Relaxing, fragility, loose;
- unpleasant smell;
- violation of the structure, thickening;
If you find at least one of the listed signs, you must immediately consult a doctor, treat the nail fungus.It can be a premium, dermatologist or mycologist.
A compulsory inspection of a sub -assessor for check for the onychomycosis is required after injuries to the nail or skin that surrounds it.If there are disposable factors (varicose veins, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, weakened immunity, increased sweating, etc.), it is recommended to make a medical pedicure once a month, in which the doctor will carefully examine the nails and the skin of the feet, reveal the changes in the early stages.
Is the mushroom dangerous on the nails?
Onychomycosis is a disease that is more likely to cause psychological discomfort than physical disorder.To understand what it is, just look at the photographic mushroom on the legs on the internet.It is characterized by a slow route, it does not cause pain, fever and other symptoms that require urgent search for a doctor.
People are in no hurry to treat the nail fungus.After all, when the damage area is small, you can paint it with paint, wear socks or closed shoes with strangers.And the problem of psychological distress is temporarily resolved.But unfortunately, it's not all that simple.If it does not destroy the fungal infection, it will not disappear anywhere, but will further affect the nail.And the onychomycosis is contrast.An infected person is a danger to the members of his family and others.
How to prevent infection?
The best remedy for the nail fungus is prevention.
To protect yourself from infections, you need:
- Use medical disinfectors with the registration of Gost (they are able to kill onychomycosis, tuberculosis, hepatitis, HIV);
- Monitor the conditions of the feet and nails, the main rule: the legs should be clean and dry;
- To take care of shoes, disinfection regularly, drying, it is convenient to use electric dryers for drying;
- Treats the legs with drying or anti -training products, if the feet sweat hard;
- In the pool, sauna, gyms lockers do not walk barefoot, but they wear rubber slippers with a closed tip;
- Wear comfortable shoes made with natural breathable materials;
- Do not use a towel, shoes or supplies of foreign manicures.
These suggestions will help you feel the onychomycosis, keep your nails healthy and well -kept.They are effective not only for the prevention of the mushroom, but also of other problems: an ingrown nail, seeds, corn.
Characteristics of the treatment of omicomicosis
The advertisement on TV promises to easily and quickly treat the nail fungus using anti -theft (fungicidal) creams, solutions, paints.We are promised that "the different drugs deeply penetrate the nail structure, they actually destroy the mushroom, for 2 - 3 use, report the previous appearance to the nails".But why then such an independent treatment of mushrooms on the legs gives good results in a maximum of 10 % of cases?Since these drugs are effective only in the early stages of the mushroom, when the symptoms are not yet obvious and almost not evident.
Manufacturers are often caught by the fact that drugs are produced using the latest technologies and have good substances active in the composition. Most of the drugs are simply very well advertised and are very expensive, despite not having the necessary substances for treatment. You will not buy drugs specialized in ordinary pharmacies, since production is very expensive.
Adgry drugs are the basis for the treatment of oticomicosis.Without them, no matter how much we would like to defeat the infection.But they must be used correctly and deliberately.A cure for the nail fungus should be applied to a pre -trained and prepared nail so that it has the right healing effect.
The first thing you should do if the onychomycosis is suspected is to consult a doctor who will confirm or refute the diagnosis.If necessary, prescribe an additional exam and treatment.The choice of a product from the mushrooms of the nails based on Internet reviews, friends or advertising on TV will lead to a waste of time and money that will spend in unnecessary drugs.The same results will be obtained when trying to treat onychomycosis with folk methods.Vinegar, garlic, onions, medicinal herbs are unable to destroy the pathogen.
An important point in the treatment of oticomicosis is the disinfection of shoes and clothing, which has contacted with an infected area.If it is not satisfied, you can be infected again by your things.The clothing must be washed at high temperature (above 60 ° C), stretched, handle shoes with special disinfectants.
What drugs and methods are effective?
In the initial stages, the treatment of omenicosis is easier and faster than advanced cases.How to treat the nail fungus?
To combat the pathogen, use:
- Hardware medical pedicure.It allows you to clean the areas of the nails affected by onychomycosis without blood and pain, prepare them for the use of antifungal agents;
- Keratolithic.These are local drugs against nail mushrooms, which are applied to the nail interested with the aim of its painless removal.They loosen, soften and dissolve the nail plate, then it is easily removed with pedicure tools.The keratolics facilitate the treatment of icydomicosis, remove the infected area and stimulate the growth of a new healthy nail plate;
- Fungicide agents.The action of these drugs aims to destroy the mushroom.For the onychomycosis, they are used locally in the form of paints, solutions, ointments, creams and inside in the form of tablets.With internal use, the active substances of the tablets from the nail fungus accumulate in the skin and nail plate.The activity of fungal enzymes is suppressed, the permeability of the cell membranes is disturbed and the pathogen is death.
The treatment methods for onychomycosis are selected according to the severity of the symptoms and the area of the lesion area.In the initial stages of the disease, there are sufficiently a hardware treatment and external fungicide agents.In serious forms of damage, when the entire nail is infected with a mushroom, it will require the intake of tablets, the removal of the nail plate.The treatment of an advanced form of onychomycosis lasts from 3 months to 1 year and depends on the nail growth rate.
Local fungicide drugs are safe for health, but not always effective.The tablets negatively affect the liver, therefore, throughout their administration, laboratory control of the state of the body is required.
We will take care of the onychomicosis, and this is the main thing!
First consult a doctor, faster you can manage it.
Don't be afraid and be shy.This problem is very common, millions of people around the world have it.
In the treatment of the nail fungus in a professional medical center, get:
- Joint observation of an under -down and a mycologist (a doctor who is engaged in fungal diseases);
- 100 % sterility during the execution of all procedures;
- the possibility of a material fence (scraping of the skin and the nail plate) to identify the type of mushroom;
- quick result (on average 3-4 procedures are necessary);
- • Free disinfection of a pair of shoes in which you arrived, the possibility of disinfection of all the shoes in which you went during the period of onychomicosis;
- Recommendations for bases and shoes that will help prevent the re -infection.
The most important thing is to choose a specialist with competence and transform in a timely manner for help only then your nails will be healthy and beautiful!